Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Based Actuator for Aerodynamic Load Control on Aircraft Wings

Introduction

There is much research effort on the development of different techniques focused on the optimization of the aircraft aerodynamics. They can be applied on different parts or the wing. Most of them are based on changing, somehow, the geometry of the aerofoil, thus getting a near optimum geometry of the aerofoil for different flight conditions.

Problem- and objective

Fixed wing aircrafts are designed to work optimally at only one flight condition parameters (Speed, altitude…), but most of these parameters vary during the flight, due to both aircraft manoeuvre and environment conditions. For this reason, systems to change the shape of the aerofoil during the flight are the line of work.

In this case, the proposed solution is the application of deformable (and controllable) surfaces, which can change the aerodynamics of the wing, resulting in drag reduction and lift increase. This research is focused, specifically, on the trailing edge.

Shape memory alloys are used to produce the forces needed to bend the actuator. These alloys have a very high power density, what make them very suitable for this application.

Practical application

The implementation of this technology will result in a reduction of:
Fuel consumption: by increasing the lift-to-drag ratio.
Wing root bending moment: by redistributing the aerodynamic loads along the wing.
Fatigue damage: by using actuators to counteract vibrations.
Noise reduction: by reducing turbulences.